Viola, also known as violet, is a herbaceous plant in the Violaceae family. There are nearly 600 species of violas found in the northern hemisphere. Violas prefer moist environments with fertile soil (usually clay) and partial shade. They live in forests, grasslands, parks, and gardens. Viola cultivation began 500 years ago. Violets are well-known for their lovely, fragrant flowers and ornamental morphology. Apart from being decorative, violas can also be used as food and medicine.
Violas can grow as herbaceous plants or as shrubs. These plants can grow from 20 inches to one foot tall.
Some species are acaulescent, which means they lack a stem. They grow rosette-shaped leaves directly from the ground. Other species have short stems and leaves that are alternately arranged.
The leaves are heart-shaped and green. Depending on the species, their surface is either smooth or covered with fine hairs.
The flower is asymmetric, with 5 petals and 5 sepals. Male (stamens) and female (pistil) reproductive organs are found in flowers. Despite the fact that some species can self-pollinate, the majority of species are pollinated by insects.
The color of the flower is determined by the species. Violas come in purple, blue, white, creamy, and multicolored varieties.
The fragrance of the flower is due to compounds known as terpenes and ionone. Some violas have such a strong scent that it desensitizes the nose and prevents detection of other odors.
Capsule is the name given to the fruit of the viola. It contains miniature seeds that are catapulted away from the mother plant after the capsule explodes.
Ants are drawn to the seeds by substances and tail-like appendages. They are in charge of collecting and dispersing seeds.
In addition to seeds, violas can be propagated through root cuttings.
Young leaves and flowers can be eaten. They can be eaten raw (in salads), cooked (in sauces and jellies), or used to decorate cakes and other desserts.
Anthocyanins and cyclotides, which act as antioxidants and have anti-microbial and anti-viral properties, are found in violas. Insects are also repelled by these chemicals.
Congestion and sore throat can be treated with the stem, leaves, and flowers. The root aids in the removal of excess water from the body. Anxiety can be treated with leaves and flowers, and stomach cramps can be relieved with flowers.
Violas are extremely popular and are frequently used in the perfume industry due to their strong odor.
The ancient Romans and Greeks drank wine made from violas. They also used violas for food and medicine. Because violas were a symbol of fertility and love in ancient Greece, they were frequently used in the creation of love potions.
Violas can be annual (live for one year) or perennial (live for more than two years). The lifespan of viola is determined by the species and the climate.
