According to the BCA, billiards is one of the safest sports in the world. It should be noted that there is considerable disagreement around whether or not billiards is actually a sport. It takes much skill, practice, and dicipline, but there is little to no physical aspect.
In the days of Thomas Jefferson, billiards was illegal in the state of Virginia. Jefferson’s home, “the dome on Monticello” however, was built to conceal a billiard room so that he could play away from prosecution from the law.
Billiards evolved from a lawn game similar to croquet played sometime during the 15th century in Northern Europe (probably in France).
The term “poolroom” now means a place where billiards is played, but in the 19th century a poolroom was a betting parlor for horse racing. Billiard tables were installed so patrons could pass the time between races. The game of billiards and the poolroom became connected in the public’s mind. Today, the two terms are used interchangeably.
Pool is one of the safest sports in the world.
The dome on Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s home, conceals a billiard room. In Jefferson’s day, billiards was illegal in Virginia.
The term “scratch”, as applied to a pocketing of the cue ball, was derived from the penalty assessed for such a foul. In pool’s early days, the score was often kept on a chalkboard. When a player pocketed the cue ball, his opponent “scratched” a point off the shooter’s score.
According to research conducted a few years back, billiard champions have the highest average age of any sport, 35.6 years.
Tom Cruise did his own trick billiard shots for the 1986 film, The Color of Money, except for one in which he had to jump two balls to sink another. Director Martin Scorsese said he wanted to let Cruise learn the shot, but it would have taken two extra days of practice, which would have held up production and cost thousands of dollars. The shot was instead performed by professional billiards player Mike Sigel.
Billiards was the first sport to have a world championship (1873).
In 1586, the castle of Mary, Queen of Scots, was invaded and captured. The Invaders made a note of forbidding her the use of her billiard table. They then killed her, and used the covering of the table to cover her body.
In 1765 A.D., the first billiard room was built in England. Played there was One-Pocket, which was a table with one pocket and four balls.
The first coin-operated billiard table was patented in 1903. The cost of a game on the first pay-for-play table: one penny.
Before the invention of celluloid and other new-age plastics, billiard balls were made out of ivory. The elephants can thank their present existence on the invention of plastics. Because billiard balls had to be cut from the dead center of a tusk, the average tusk yielded only 3 to 4 balls.
Captain Mingaud, the inventor of the leather cue tip, was imprisoned for political reasons during the French Revolution. With the help of a fellow prisoner, he was able to have a billiard table installed in his cell. It was during his incarceration that be became obsessed with the game, that he devised and perfected his invention. His obsession became so intense, that at the end of his prison term, he actually asked for a longer sentence so that he could complete his study of the game.
The world’s largest billiard hall was built during billiards’ “Golden Age”. “The Recreation”, a mammoth seven-story health spa, was a bustling Detroit business in the 1920’s. It featured 103 tables, 88 bowling lanes, 20 barber chairs, three manicuring stands, 14 cigar stands, a lunch counter on each floor, a restaurant that could seat 300, and an exhibition room with theater seating, that could accommodate 250 spectators.
The Hustler was based on a novel by Walter Tevis. The novel, however, was based on a short story he had earlier submitted to Playboy. Before “The Hustler” was released, the “Philco TV Theater” aired an episode called “Goodbye, Johnny”, which bore an uncanny resemblance to the Playboy short story. In it, Cliff Robertson portrayed the cocky young hustler, making Robertson – not Newman – the original “Fast Eddie” Felson.
Marquetry – the art of making pictures or designs with thin slices of wood, shell or other materials – has long enhanced the beauty of tables and cues. The art form is hardly a recent development. It has been practiced in Egypt and the Orient for more than 3,000 years.
Wille Hoppe was truly a legendary player. Yet, his most famous match strangely had more to do with a penknife, than his unequaled wizardry of the game. In 1925, he met Robert Cannefax, the Three-Cushion champion. After several games, Cannefax, who preferred a fast cloth, asked to move the match to a different table. Hoppe, who was leading, said the cloth was just fine, and refused to allow a change. An incensed Cannefax drew a penknife and savagely cut the cloth down the center of the table. Hoppe was immediately awarded the match, and Cannefax was suspended from competition for a year. Ironically, Cannefax never played another match. He toured vaudeville for several years, and then died of meningitis in 1928.
Throughout most of the 1800’s, the chalk used on the new leather cue tips was carbonate of lime, better known as blackboard chalk.
Most chalk used today is comprised of fine abrasives and does not contain a speck of chalk.
The Church has long been a part of billiard history. From its earliest days, the game was often denounced as a sinful, dangerous, morally corrupt activity. In 15th century France, billiards play was forbidden, by the Church, as well as the King. In early American history, actual laws were passed (thanks to religious influences), outlawing the game in many parts of the land.
The first 18.2 Balkline Championship was held in Paris, in 1913. It will probably be the only world championship in history ever decided by the courts. After six days of play, three contestants were tied for the first place. When a tie-breaking playoff was suggested, Maurice Vignaux, the French champion and notorious whiner when things weren’t going his way, scoffed at the suggestion. He insisted the title should be awarded based on the highest overall average (which he, of course, had at the time). Vignaux refused to continue, and the matter wound up in the French courts. (Which, of course, awarded Vignaux, their countryman, the title, after a delay of more than two months).
No one knows exactly who, when or where the first billiard table was built. The earliest documented record of a billiard table was made in 1470. In an inventory of the possessions of King Louis XI of France, his table was said to have contained the following: a bed of stone, a cloth covering, and a hole in the middle of the playing field, into which balls could be driven.
What is billiard cloth made of? Amazingly, the main component of billiard cloth has remained unchanged for over 400 years. Wool was used in the 1500’s, and remains the fabric of choice today. It has, of course, undergone some perfecting (and some wool/nylon blends are also produced).
Tables originally had flat vertical walls for rails and their only function was to keep the balls from falling off. They resembled riverbanks and even used to be called “banks”. Players discovered that balls could bounce off the rails and began deliberately aiming at them. Thus a “bank shot” is one in which a ball is made to rebound from a cushion as part of the shot.
At times, including during the Civil War, billiard results received wider coverage than war news. Players were so renowned that cigarette cards were issued featuring them.
In 1586, the castle of Mary – Queen of Scots, was invaded and subsequently captured. The invaders made a note of forbidding her to utilize her pool table before killing her and covering her body with the pool table cover.
According to BCA research from the 1990s, billiards had the highest average age of it’s professionals as compared to any other sport. That average billiard professional’s age was 35.6 years.
In the 1986 blockbuster billiard film, the Color of Money, Tom Cruise did his all of his own billiard shots except for one shot where he had to jump over two object balls to pocket another. Tom was offered to have enough time to learn, but it would have taken several days, and would have held up production costing thousands of dollars per day. Instead, professional player Mike Siegel performed the shot.
The first billiard room in history was build in 1765 in England. The game of one-pocket billiards was played there, but not the one-pocket that we all know today. The one-pocket was a game that was played with a billiard table with one hole and four balls.
1903 was the year in which the first coin-operated (coin op) billiard table was patented. The cost for one game on this table was one penny.
Today, billiard balls are made from various plastics. Before plastics were invented, billiard balls were made from ivory. Billiard balls were once cut from the center of a tusk, and one elephant yielded approximately 6-8 balls.
As far back as is known, billiards has been a game that has bridged the societal gap between the masses and aristocracy. This has been evident in pool rooms all around the world where people could watch both street toughs and gentlemen play together.
Captain Mingaud was a political prisoner during the French Revolution. Believe it or not, he was able to have a pool table installed in his cell, with the assistance of another prisoner. He became obsessed with the game during his imprisonment, and invented the leather cue tip while imprisoned. He felt that the equipment, not his skill, was holding back his game. In fact, he became so obsessed with the game of billiard, that at the end of his prison sentence he requested a longer sentence so that he could perfect his study of the game.
The world’s Largest billiard hall, called “The Recreation”, was built in Detroit during the 1920s, which was billiard’s Golden Age. This pool hall was a massive, seven story health spa with 103 billiard tables, 88 bowling lanes, 20 barber chairs, 14 cigar stands, a lunch hall with 300 seats on each floor, and an exhibition room with theatre seating for 250.
You have all probably noticed the intricate inlays in pool cues and wonder how they are crafted. Well, this art, call Marquetry, has been practiced and perfected in Egypt and the Orient for the past 3000 years. This art of making pictures or designs with thin slices of wood, shell, or other materials has enhanced the beauty of pool tables and pool cues since the inception of billiards.
For most of the 1800s, billiard players used “blackboard chalk” also known as carbonate lime, to chalk their cues because that was all that was available at the time.
In the 15th century in France or Northern Europe, there was a lawn game that was much like croquet. This was the game from which billiards evolved.
The term scratch as it relates to a player who pockets the cue ball, comes from the fact that when players received a penalty for such an act, the score change was “scratched” on a chalkboard. When a player committed such a foul, his or her opponent would “scratch” a point of the fouling player’s score.
In the beginning of the game of billiards, the church denounced it as sinful, morally corrupt, and dangerous. In fact, in the 15th century France, billiards play was forbidden, by the Church, as well as the King. This attitude was not limited to European regions. In early American history, actual laws were passed (thanks to religious influences), outlawing the game in many parts of the land.
At times throughout history, including during the Civil War, the news of billiard tournament results received wider coverage than war news. Players were so renowned that cigarette cards were issued featuring them.
The earliest documented billiard table on record was made in 1470. This was documented in an inventory of possessions of King Louis XI. The documentation described the billiard table as containing a bed of stone, a cloth covering, and a hole in the center of the playing field, into which billiard balls could be driven.
Until roughly 1920, American billiards was dominated by the carom style billiard games. Pool was a dead, or at least a dying sport. When the first championship pool tournament was held in 1878, the winner, and the event itself, all but went unnoticed.
Charles Goodyear, the inventor of vulcanized rubber, died a poor pauper. His invention revolutionized billiard cushions. Unfortunately his company was run into the ground, and Charles Goodyear was imprisoned for debt.
Billiards was in fact the world’s first sport to have a “World Championship” event. That event occurred in 1873.
