Nestled in the sparkling waters of the Korea Strait, Jeju Island is a captivating destination that boasts a rich tapestry of natural wonders, cultural heritage, and unique traditions. Often referred to as the “Honeymoon Island” or “Island of the Gods,” Jeju offers an enchanting escape for travelers seeking both adventure and tranquility. From its breathtaking volcanic landscapes and stunning coastlines to its vibrant local culture and historical sites, Jeju Island is a treasure trove of experiences waiting to be discovered. In this blog, we will explore 25 fascinating facts about this remarkable island, shedding light on its geological marvels, cultural significance, and the diverse attractions that make Jeju a must-visit destination for anyone looking to immerse themselves in the beauty of South Korea. Whether you’re planning a trip or simply curious about this enchanting locale, these intriguing facts will deepen your appreciation for Jeju Island and inspire your wanderlust.
Area: Jeju Island, covering approximately 1,846.4 square kilometers (712.5 square miles), is the largest island in South Korea. This area is roughly equivalent to the size of the U.S. state of Delaware, making Jeju a significant landmass in the context of South Korea’s geography. The island’s diverse landscapes include volcanic mountains, lush forests, and beautiful coastlines, which contribute to its status as a popular tourist destination. Jeju’s size allows for a variety of ecosystems and habitats, making it a biodiversity hotspot.
Population: As of 2021, Jeju Island’s population is around 670,000 residents. This figure reflects a steady increase over the years, as Jeju has become an attractive place for both domestic and international migrants due to its natural beauty and relatively mild climate. The population density is lower than in mainland urban areas, allowing for a more relaxed lifestyle. The local economy is heavily reliant on tourism, agriculture, and fishing, which shape the demographics and culture of the island.
Height of Hallasan: Hallasan, the highest mountain in South Korea, stands at 1,947 meters (6,388 feet) above sea level. This shield volcano is located in the center of Jeju Island and is a prominent feature of Hallasan National Park. Hallasan is not only a geological wonder but also a vital ecological zone, hosting a variety of flora and fauna, some of which are endemic to the region. The mountain attracts hikers and nature enthusiasts, with well-maintained trails leading to the summit, where visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the island and surrounding seas.
Age of Hallasan: Hallasan is estimated to be around 300,000 to 500,000 years old, making it a relatively young volcano in geological terms. Its formation is a result of volcanic activity that shaped much of Jeju’s landscape. The mountain’s age contributes to its unique geological features, including its crater, which is filled with a lake known as Baengnokdam. This volcanic history is significant for understanding the geological evolution of the region and the formation of other volcanic structures found throughout the island.
Number of UNESCO Sites: Jeju Island is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Hallasan National Park, Geomunoreum Lava Tube System, and Seongsan Ilchulbong (Sunrise Peak). These sites were designated for their outstanding universal value and represent the island’s rich natural heritage. Hallasan National Park protects the mountain’s ecosystems, while the Geomunoreum Lava Tube System showcases the island’s volcanic activity through an extensive network of underground tunnels. Seongsan Ilchulbong, formed by a volcanic eruption, is famous for its stunning sunrises and unique geological formations, attracting tourists and researchers alike.
Seongsan Ilchulbong Height: Seongsan Ilchulbong rises to 182 meters (597 feet) above sea level and is one of Jeju’s most iconic landmarks. This tuff cone was formed by a volcanic eruption approximately 5,000 years ago and features a large crater at its summit. The site is renowned for its breathtaking sunrises, drawing visitors who hike to the top early in the morning to witness the spectacular views. Seongsan Ilchulbong is also a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its geological significance and cultural importance, including the surrounding fishing villages.
Jeju Olle Trail: The Jeju Olle Trail consists of 26 different routes totaling approximately 425 kilometers (264 miles) that wind along the coast and through the island’s interior. Established in 2007, the trail offers hikers a chance to experience Jeju’s diverse landscapes, from coastal cliffs to lush forests and volcanic formations. Each route varies in difficulty and scenery, making it accessible to hikers of all levels. The trail has become a popular attraction for both locals and tourists, promoting outdoor activities and sustainable tourism while showcasing the island’s natural beauty and cultural heritage.
Annual Visitors: Jeju Island attracts about 15 million visitors each year, making it one of the most popular tourist destinations in South Korea. The island’s appeal lies in its stunning natural landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and a wide range of activities, including hiking, beach activities, and exploring historical sites. The influx of tourists has significantly impacted the local economy, with tourism becoming a major industry that supports various sectors, including hospitality, transportation, and local crafts. However, this popularity also raises concerns about sustainability and the preservation of the island’s natural resources.
Volcanic Craters: Jeju Island is home to over 360 volcanic craters, known as “oreums.” These craters are the remnants of volcanic activity that shaped the island’s unique landscape. Each oreum varies in size and shape, with some being small hills while others are more prominent features. The volcanic craters are significant not only for their geological interest but also for their ecological importance, as many host diverse plant and animal species. The oreums provide excellent hiking opportunities and panoramic views of the surrounding areas, making them popular spots for both locals and tourists. Their presence highlights Jeju’s volcanic origins and contributes to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Average Temperature: The average annual temperature on Jeju Island is around 16.5°C (61.7°F), which contributes to its reputation as a pleasant destination year-round. The island experiences a temperate climate, with four distinct seasons—spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Summers can be hot and humid, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F), while winters are mild, rarely dropping below freezing. This moderate climate allows for a diverse range of agricultural products, including the famous Jeju tangerines and various vegetables. The pleasant weather also makes Jeju an ideal location for outdoor activities, attracting visitors who seek to enjoy its natural beauty throughout the year.
Rainfall: Jeju receives an average annual rainfall of about 1,500 millimeters (59 inches), which is higher than the national average for South Korea. The island’s rainfall patterns are influenced by its topography, with the southern slopes of Hallasan receiving the most precipitation. This abundant rainfall supports Jeju’s lush vegetation, including dense forests and numerous agricultural crops. The wet season typically occurs during the summer months, contributing to the island’s vibrant landscapes. This climate also plays a crucial role in maintaining the island’s unique ecosystems and biodiversity.
Jeju Tangerines: Jeju Island is famous for its tangerines, with over 30,000 tons produced annually. The island’s climate and volcanic soil create ideal growing conditions for these sweet and juicy citrus fruits. Jeju tangerines, known as “Hallabong” and “Cheonhyehyang,” are particularly popular for their rich flavor and easy-to-peel skin. The tangerine industry is a significant part of Jeju’s economy, providing income for many local farmers. The fruit is often marketed as a premium product, and its popularity has led to various festivals celebrating the harvest each year.
Lava Tubes: The Geomunoreum Lava Tube System is one of the longest in the world, with a total length of 7,416 meters (24,300 feet). This network of underground tunnels was formed by volcanic eruptions that occurred over thousands of years. The lava tubes are characterized by their unique formations, including stalactites and lava stalagmites. They serve as important geological sites, offering insights into volcanic activity and the island’s geological history. The tubes are also home to various species, making them a valuable ecological habitat. The Geomunoreum Lava Tube System is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its outstanding natural significance.
Jeju’s Subtropical Climate: Jeju Island has a subtropical climate, classified as Cwa under the Köppen climate classification. This classification indicates that the island experiences warm summers and mild winters, making it an attractive destination year-round. The subtropical climate supports a diverse range of plant species, including tropical and subtropical flora. This climate also allows for a vibrant agricultural sector, with crops like tangerines, green tea, and various vegetables thriving in the fertile soil. The pleasant weather contributes to Jeju’s appeal as a holiday destination, drawing visitors seeking outdoor activities and natural beauty.
World’s Largest Lava Tube: The Manjanggul Lava Tube on Jeju is 7.4 kilometers (4.6 miles) long, making it one of the longest lava tubes in the world. This impressive geological formation was created by the flow of lava during volcanic eruptions. The tube features a variety of geological structures, including large lava columns and unique formations that attract geologists and tourists alike. The entrance to Manjanggul is easily accessible, and visitors can explore a portion of the tube, experiencing the cool, dark environment that contrasts with the island’s sunny exterior. It is also recognized as a Natural Monument in South Korea.
Biodiversity: Jeju Island is home to over 1,500 species of plants and 2,000 species of animals, showcasing its rich biodiversity. The island’s varied ecosystems, ranging from volcanic landscapes to coastal areas, support a wide range of flora and fauna. Many species found on Jeju are endemic, meaning they are not found anywhere else in the world. The island’s biodiversity is protected through several national parks and conservation areas, ensuring the preservation of its unique habitats. This ecological richness makes Jeju a vital area for research and conservation efforts.
Haenyeo Divers: The traditional female divers, known as Haenyeo, typically dive to depths of up to 20 meters (66 feet) without breathing apparatus. This unique cultural practice has been passed down through generations and is an integral part of Jeju’s heritage. Haenyeo collect various seafood, including abalone, sea urchins, and shellfish, using only their skills and training. The Haenyeo culture has been recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting the importance of sustainable practices and the role of women in the community. Their remarkable ability to free dive and their connection to the sea are celebrated aspects of Jeju’s identity.
Jeju’s Coastline: The coastline of Jeju Island is approximately 253 kilometers (157 miles) long, offering a diverse range of landscapes from rugged cliffs to sandy beaches. This extensive coastline is not only a natural wonder but also a vital resource for local tourism, attracting visitors who come to enjoy the island’s picturesque views and recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and hiking along coastal trails. The varying topography along the coast contributes to the island’s unique ecosystems, making it a hotspot for marine biodiversity.
Average Depth of Hallasan Crater: The crater of Hallasan, which is the highest mountain in South Korea, has an average depth of about 100 meters (328 feet). This impressive geological feature is a result of volcanic activity and is surrounded by a stunning array of flora and fauna. Hallasan is a shield volcano, and its summit offers breathtaking panoramic views of the island. The crater itself is often filled with a small lake, adding to its scenic beauty. Hallasan is also a designated national park, providing opportunities for hiking and nature exploration.
Cultural Heritage Sites: Jeju Island boasts 14 designated cultural heritage sites recognized by the South Korean government, reflecting its rich history and cultural significance. These sites include ancient shrines, traditional villages, and historical monuments that showcase the island’s unique traditions and customs. Visitors can explore these sites to gain insights into the island’s past, including its indigenous practices and the influences of various cultures that have shaped Jeju over the centuries. The preservation of these sites is crucial for maintaining the island’s cultural identity.
Jeju’s Wind Power: As of 2020, Jeju Island has about 50 wind turbines generating renewable energy, making significant strides in sustainable energy production. The island’s geographical features and strong winds provide an ideal environment for harnessing wind energy. This initiative not only contributes to reducing carbon emissions but also supports the local economy by creating jobs in the renewable energy sector. Jeju’s commitment to renewable energy aligns with global efforts to transition towards more sustainable energy sources and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Jeju Airport: Jeju International Airport is the second-busiest airport in South Korea, serving over 30 million passengers annually. This airport is a crucial gateway for both domestic and international travelers, connecting Jeju Island to major cities in South Korea and various destinations in Asia. The airport is equipped with modern facilities and services, catering to the needs of millions of tourists who visit Jeju for its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and recreational activities. The high passenger volume underscores Jeju’s popularity as a travel destination.
Jeju’s Stone Walls: The island is known for its unique stone walls, which stretch for about 2,000 kilometers (1,243 miles). These walls are constructed from volcanic rocks and serve various purposes, including demarcating property boundaries, protecting crops from wind, and providing shelter for livestock. The stone walls are not only functional but also contribute to the island’s picturesque rural landscape. They reflect the traditional building techniques of the local population and are an integral part of Jeju’s cultural heritage, showcasing the island’s connection to its volcanic geology.
Yongduam Rock Height: Yongduam, also known as Dragon Head Rock, is approximately 10 meters (33 feet) high and is one of Jeju’s most famous natural landmarks. This unique rock formation resembles the head of a dragon, according to local legend, and is a popular spot for tourists and photographers. Yongduam is located along the coast, providing stunning views of the ocean and surrounding landscapes. The rock’s distinctive shape and the myths associated with it make it a significant cultural symbol for the island, often featured in local art and literature.
Jeju’s Natural Monument: Jeju Island is home to several natural monuments, including the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, which were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. This designation highlights the island’s geological significance and the unique volcanic features that have formed over millions of years. The lava tubes are among the longest in the world and showcase impressive formations created by volcanic activity. These natural monuments are not only important for scientific research but also attract visitors interested in geology and nature exploration, emphasizing the island’s natural beauty and ecological diversity.
Frequently Asked Questions about Jeju Island:
1. What is Jeju Island known for?
Jeju Island is known for its stunning natural beauty, including volcanic landscapes, beautiful beaches, and unique geological formations like lava tubes. It is also famous for Hallasan, South Korea’s highest mountain, and its UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which include the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes. Additionally, Jeju is rich in culture, with traditional villages, unique cuisine, and a vibrant local arts scene.
2. How do I get to Jeju Island?
Jeju Island can be accessed by air or ferry. Jeju International Airport is the primary gateway, with frequent flights from major cities in South Korea, including Seoul, Busan, and Incheon. There are also international flights from various Asian countries. Alternatively, ferries operate from the mainland, connecting Jeju to cities like Busan and Mokpo, offering a scenic travel option.
3. What is the best time to visit Jeju Island?
The best time to visit Jeju Island is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) months. During these seasons, the weather is mild, and the island is adorned with beautiful flowers or vibrant foliage. Summer (July to August) can be hot and humid, while winter (December to February) may bring cold temperatures and occasional snowfall, particularly on Hallasan.
4. What are the must-see attractions in Jeju Island?
Some must-see attractions in Jeju Island include:
- Hallasan National Park: Home to South Korea’s highest peak and beautiful hiking trails.
- Seongsan Ilchulbong (Sunrise Peak): A UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its stunning sunrise views.
- Manjanggul Lava Tube: One of the longest lava tubes in the world, showcasing impressive rock formations.
- Jeongbang Waterfall: A picturesque waterfall that flows directly into the ocean.
- O’sulloc Tea Museum: A cultural site dedicated to Korea’s tea history and production.
5. What is the local cuisine like in Jeju Island?
Jeju Island’s cuisine is characterized by fresh seafood and local agricultural products. Some popular dishes include:
- Black Pork BBQ: Jeju is famous for its unique black pig, which is known for its rich flavor and tenderness.
- Seafood Stews: Dishes like haemul jjigae (seafood stew) feature fresh catches from the surrounding waters.
- Abalone and Sea Urchin: These delicacies are often served raw or grilled and are highly sought after.
- Jeju Citrus Fruits: The island is known for its delicious tangerines and oranges, which are often used in desserts and beverages.
6. Is Jeju Island family-friendly?
Yes, Jeju Island is very family-friendly, offering a wide range of activities suitable for all ages. Families can enjoy outdoor adventures like hiking, visiting beaches, exploring parks, and engaging in water sports. Attractions like the Jeju Teddy Bear Museum, the Aqua Planet aquarium, and various theme parks provide entertainment for children. Additionally, the island’s safe environment and welcoming culture make it a great destination for families.
7. What outdoor activities can I do in Jeju Island?
Jeju Island offers numerous outdoor activities, including:
- Hiking: There are various trails, including the Hallasan summit trail and coastal hikes.
- Water Sports: Activities like snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and kayaking are popular, especially around the beaches.
- Biking: Many scenic routes are available for cycling enthusiasts.
- Horseback Riding: Jeju is known for its horseback riding experiences, allowing visitors to explore the countryside.
8. Are there any cultural experiences to enjoy in Jeju Island?
Yes, visitors can immerse themselves in Jeju’s culture through various experiences:
- Traditional Markets: Explore local markets like Dongmun Market for authentic food and crafts.
- Cultural Performances: Attend traditional performances showcasing Jeju’s music and dance.
- Haenyeo Experiences: Learn about the island’s famous female divers, known as haenyeo, who harvest seafood using traditional techniques.
- Visit Folk Villages: Explore places like the Jeju Folk Village Museum to understand the island’s history and traditions.
9. What is the transportation like on Jeju Island?
Transportation on Jeju Island is convenient, with several options available:
- Rental Cars: Renting a car is popular for exploring the island at your own pace, as public transportation can be limited.
- Buses: Jeju has a reliable bus system that connects major attractions, although schedules may vary.
- Taxis: Taxis are readily available and can be a convenient option for short distances or when traveling with luggage. Some taxis offer fixed rates for popular tourist destinations.
- Bicycles and Scooters: For those looking to explore at a leisurely pace, rental bicycles and scooters are available, particularly in tourist areas.
10. What accommodations are available on Jeju Island?
Jeju Island offers a wide range of accommodations to suit various budgets and preferences. Options include:
- Luxury Hotels and Resorts: There are several high-end resorts offering stunning ocean views, spas, and fine dining.
- Mid-Range Hotels: Many comfortable hotels provide good amenities and convenient access to attractions.
- Guesthouses and Hostels: For budget travelers, guesthouses and hostels offer affordable stays with a chance to meet other travelers.
- Traditional Hanok Stays: Experience local culture by staying in a traditional Korean house, known as a hanok, which can provide a unique and authentic experience.
11. What should I pack for a trip to Jeju Island?
When packing for Jeju Island, consider the following items:
- Clothing: Lightweight, breathable clothing for summer; layers for spring and autumn; and warmer clothing for winter.
- Comfortable Footwear: Sturdy hiking shoes for outdoor activities, especially if you plan to hike Hallasan or explore nature trails.
- Swimwear: If you plan to enjoy the beaches or water activities, pack swimwear and beach towels.
- Sunscreen and Sunglasses: Protect yourself from the sun, especially during outdoor excursions.
- Rain Gear: Depending on the season, a light rain jacket or umbrella may be useful, as Jeju can experience sudden showers.
12. Is English widely spoken in Jeju Island?
While English is not the primary language in Jeju Island, many locals in tourist areas, hotels, and restaurants have basic English proficiency. Signage in tourist spots is often available in English, and you can usually find English-speaking staff at major attractions. However, it’s helpful to learn a few basic Korean phrases or use translation apps for smoother communication, especially in less touristy areas.
13. Are there any festivals or events in Jeju Island?
Yes, Jeju Island hosts several festivals and events throughout the year that celebrate its culture, agriculture, and natural beauty. Some notable ones include:
- Jeju Fire Festival: Held in March, this festival features traditional fire rituals, performances, and local food.
- Jeju Cherry Blossom Festival: Taking place in early April, this event celebrates the blooming of cherry blossoms with various activities and performances.
- Jeju Olle Walking Festival: Celebrated in the fall, this festival promotes walking along the scenic Olle Trails and includes guided tours and cultural experiences.
14. What wildlife can I see in Jeju Island?
Jeju Island is home to a diverse range of wildlife, thanks to its unique ecosystems. Visitors may encounter:
- Birds: Various migratory birds can be seen, particularly at wetlands and coastal areas.
- Marine Life: The surrounding waters are rich in marine biodiversity, including fish, sea turtles, and haenyeo (female divers) who harvest seafood.
- Flora and Fauna: Hallasan National Park is home to unique plant species and wildlife, including the Jeju deer and various endemic plants.
15. What are the cultural customs I should be aware of when visiting Jeju Island?
When visiting Jeju Island, it’s important to respect local customs and traditions. Some key points to keep in mind include:
- Politeness: Use polite language and gestures, such as bowing slightly when greeting someone.
- Dining Etiquette: Wait for the eldest person to start eating before you begin your meal, and avoid sticking chopsticks upright in rice, as it resembles funeral customs.
- Dress Modestly: When visiting temples or traditional sites, dress modestly and remove shoes when required.
